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What is the difference between cross stitch and embroidery?

September 1, 2025

I sometimes get contacted to ask if I produce cross stitch designs. I focus on embroidery but I understand that these two crafts may seem very similar so here are some of the key differences between the two.

Cross Stitch

Cross stitch is a specific embroidery practice that uses a limited range of stitches, primarily the distinctive X-shaped stitches, stitched on a grid like fabric. It’s a very popular craft and great for kids (or anyone) just starting out on their crafting journey

  • Stitches - The main stitch is cross-shaped stitches that are used to form a gridded pattern. Half cross stitches can also be used as well as straight backsticthes and French knots to add detail

  • Fabric - The most commonly used fabric for cross stitch is Aida, a cloth with a regular grid structure, making it easy to count and follow patterns and create perfect little crosses. Other fabrics like linen or evenweave can also be used as they have a regular weave but have much finer weft and warp thread (so can be harder on the eyes!) Aida comes in a range of colours and sizes.

  • Patterns - Due to the gridded nature of the fabric, cross stitch patterns are designed using grids and look like a pixel-like picture. On the grid either colours or symbols are used to identify which colour floss is to be used. Where symbols are used each symbol will correspond to a specific colour thread (patterns with symbols can be a little more challenging to follow).

Embroidery

Embroidery is a much broader term that encompasses a huge variety of techniques. Unlike cross stitch, which relies on a limited range of stitches, embroidery can involve a wide range of stitch types.

  • Stitches - There is a vast number of stitches used in embroidery such as satin stitch, chain stitch, split stitch, and many more, some of which you can see on my stitch showcase page. Depending on the stitches selected there can be intricate details and use of textures as part of the design.

  • Fabric - Embroidery can be done on a variety of fabrics, including linen and cotton. The choice of fabric often depends on the desired final result, as some fabrics are better suited to certain embroidery techniques or effects.

  • Patterns - Embroidery patterns are usually less structured than cross stitch. While some designs may follow a set grid, many embroidery pieces are more free-form and can encompass flat, smooth designs or 3D textures.

Cross stitch and embroidery both fall under the broader umbrella of ‘needlework’. Cross stitch is a specialised technique that focuses on cross-shaped stitches and more geometric patterns, while embroidery is a more varied craft that includes a variety of stitches for creating diverse designs.

In tips 4
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